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Industry payments by specialty

Totals are dominated by specialty size and by a handful of large royalty arrangements. Per-provider figures on each specialty page are the more useful comparison.

SpecialtyProvidersTotal reportedPer provider
Hematology & Oncology12,158$7,912,145,316$650,777
Medical Oncology5,021$7,115,392,112$1,417,126
Internal Medicine118,002$5,769,470,812$48,893
Family Medicine102,600$4,554,927,287$44,395
Neurology19,151$3,446,702,924$179,975
Orthopaedic Surgery20,733$3,008,909,915$145,127
Cardiovascular Disease22,914$2,251,121,486$98,242
Hematology1,466$2,189,205,374$1,493,319
Psychiatry36,282$1,996,915,114$55,039
Dermatology14,574$1,749,710,213$120,057
Gastroenterology18,696$1,727,088,845$92,377
Ophthalmology19,563$1,521,045,241$77,751
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism8,549$1,384,412,698$161,939
Rheumatology7,002$1,362,047,537$194,523
Infectious Disease8,858$1,287,917,385$145,396
Pulmonary Disease13,880$1,242,199,581$89,496
Neurological Surgery7,374$1,137,374,631$154,241
Nephrology12,193$1,066,303,636$87,452
Interventional Cardiology6,996$1,019,781,832$145,766
Urology12,857$1,004,175,245$78,103
Pediatrics54,231$994,214,968$18,333
Pediatric Hematology-Oncology2,650$946,766,870$357,271
General Practice98,270$942,009,509$9,586
Unspecified44,234$754,096,566$17,048
Surgery26,746$729,665,018$27,281
Obstetrics & Gynecology38,798$725,528,648$18,700
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology3,425$711,572,741$207,758
Emergency Medicine55,849$660,683,974$11,830
Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine2,108$631,038,635$299,354
Gynecologic Oncology1,659$580,621,259$349,983
Allergy & Immunology3,828$515,870,709$134,762
Adult Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery1,265$470,089,094$371,612
Sports Medicine6,291$465,223,197$73,951
Retina Specialist1,502$435,968,311$290,259
Diagnostic Radiology34,366$434,176,705$12,634
Thoracic Surgery (Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery)5,394$419,478,612$77,768
Anesthesiology47,484$371,638,583$7,827
Radiation Oncology6,040$350,487,757$58,028
Neurology with Special Qualifications in Child Neurology2,025$344,492,921$170,120
Family157,924$307,694,076$1,948
Foot & Ankle Surgery9,749$295,824,911$30,344
Pediatric Infectious Diseases799$291,886,264$365,314
Optometrist51,595$290,854,583$5,637
Pain Medicine6,736$284,156,730$42,185
Surgical Oncology1,717$278,818,291$162,387
Otolaryngology9,902$255,808,121$25,834
Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology1,139$243,028,784$213,370
Critical Care Medicine6,814$241,876,583$35,497
Physician Assistant126,633$232,339,215$1,835
Vascular & Interventional Radiology4,243$229,054,869$53,984
Vascular Surgery5,036$217,894,513$43,267
Hospitalist23,654$215,208,719$9,098
Pediatric Endocrinology1,591$204,627,229$128,615
Plastic Surgery4,963$189,022,970$38,086
Endodontics4,657$182,796,108$39,252
Allergy787$180,678,596$229,579
Geriatric Medicine4,193$174,688,547$41,662
Gynecology2,525$159,036,832$62,985
Interventional Pain Medicine2,377$149,666,398$62,964
Nurse Practitioner101,092$148,778,047$1,472
Plastic Surgery within the Head & Neck695$145,963,929$210,020
Clinical Genetics (M.D.)647$144,318,523$223,058
Dentist64,963$144,194,978$2,220
Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology7,658$138,375,376$18,069
Sleep Medicine1,812$127,377,004$70,296
Pediatric Gastroenterology1,924$125,138,093$65,041
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine225$117,395,750$521,759
Hematology-Oncology365$112,259,997$307,562
Pediatric Allergy/Immunology460$108,892,846$236,724
Psychiatric/Mental Health36,755$107,199,211$2,917
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics10,978$103,265,813$9,407
Hand Surgery2,594$99,782,565$38,467
Pediatric Pulmonology1,139$98,713,317$86,667
Podiatrist7,435$98,241,730$13,213
Clinical Pharmacology36$98,000,047$2,722,224
Orthopaedic Trauma839$91,017,065$108,483
Medical24,987$84,840,216$3,395
Pediatric Cardiology2,339$83,073,707$35,517
Neuroradiology891$82,390,405$92,470
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery2,955$80,813,551$27,348
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation9,531$77,467,813$8,128
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery7,917$77,208,292$9,752
Neuromuscular Medicine321$72,964,889$227,305
Adolescent Medicine1,959$72,749,177$37,136
Hepatology261$69,567,773$266,543
Obstetrics1,063$69,514,836$65,395
Anatomic Pathology1,171$69,471,117$59,326
Transplant Surgery794$69,231,318$87,193
MOHS-Micrographic Surgery1,328$67,984,326$51,193
Adult Medicine1,317$64,559,737$49,020
Reproductive Endocrinology1,527$63,037,701$41,282
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry3,683$61,275,215$16,637
Procedural Dermatology542$60,844,466$112,259
Addiction Medicine1,610$60,320,918$37,466
Adult Health20,444$60,273,771$2,948
Orthopedic Surgery784$58,674,923$74,840
Transplant Hepatology238$56,095,956$235,697
Geriatric Psychiatry455$55,536,496$122,058
Pediatric Nephrology733$55,385,966$75,561
Endocrinology557$53,689,730$96,391
Colon & Rectal Surgery2,085$53,186,493$25,509
Nuclear Medicine533$52,489,449$98,479
Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine584$51,675,737$88,486
Pediatric Dermatology221$50,935,231$230,476
Vascular Neurology695$50,344,948$72,439
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine3,285$43,608,176$13,275
Blood Banking & Transfusion Medicine254$42,909,911$168,937
Nuclear Imaging & Therapy82$42,278,564$515,592
Public Health & General Preventive Medicine556$41,852,959$75,275
Emergency Medical Services1,328$41,004,943$30,877
Surgical Critical Care1,638$40,714,324$24,856
Maternal & Fetal Medicine2,004$38,073,168$18,999
Clinical Neurophysiology400$36,634,044$91,585
Epilepsy460$36,239,070$78,781
Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry129$35,913,993$278,403
Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery1,158$35,804,950$30,920
Occupational Medicine753$35,705,351$47,417
Periodontics5,080$34,836,331$6,858
Acute Care17,928$34,222,810$1,909
Body Imaging359$33,428,938$93,117
Dermatopathology611$33,371,454$54,618
Clinical & Laboratory Immunology68$33,237,135$488,781
Pediatric Rheumatology395$32,949,526$83,417
Cardiology1,137$31,979,258$28,126
Prosthodontics2,803$28,772,584$10,265
Surgery of the Hand699$26,880,461$38,456
Glaucoma Specialist435$26,598,519$61,146
Trauma Surgery1,164$25,100,570$21,564
Pediatric Otolaryngology616$24,434,806$39,667
Surgical12,050$23,968,331$1,989
Otology & Neurotology371$23,966,616$64,600
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery739$23,872,650$32,304
Nurse Anesthetist, Certified Registered44,081$22,902,108$520
Allergy/ Immunology206$21,598,123$104,845
Pediatric Surgery1,022$21,573,786$21,109
General Surgery1,431$21,546,314$15,057
Pediatric Dentistry6,958$21,332,259$3,066
Clinical Pathology222$20,500,094$92,343
Nuclear Radiology218$19,569,704$89,769
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery413$18,578,259$44,984
Foot Surgery1,238$16,407,299$13,253
Hospice and Palliative Medicine1,740$16,370,143$9,408
Obesity Medicine287$16,165,176$56,325
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine1,409$15,522,585$11,017
Neuro-ophthalmology152$15,448,985$101,638
Nuclear Cardiology140$14,294,009$102,100
Gerontology6,522$13,572,356$2,081
Facial Plastic Surgery585$13,184,982$22,538
Primary Care7,047$12,715,944$1,804
Neurocritical Care476$12,290,620$25,821
Cornea and External Diseases Specialist338$11,861,545$35,093
Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine & OMM527$11,715,802$22,231
Pediatric Radiology444$11,523,807$25,955
Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine, Sports Medicine160$10,977,201$68,608
Corneal and Contact Management1,003$10,958,594$10,926
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities152$10,690,864$70,335
Otolaryngology/Facial Plastic Surgery712$10,553,973$14,823
Women's Health5,960$10,045,048$1,685
Medical Toxicology107$9,998,210$93,441
Clinical Biochemical Genetics50$9,951,925$199,038
Psychosomatic Medicine164$9,628,829$58,712
Uveitis and Ocular Inflammatory Disease48$9,237,124$192,440
Pediatric Emergency Medicine1,065$8,926,676$8,382
Diagnostic Neuroimaging79$8,567,884$108,454
Therapeutic Radiology155$8,199,490$52,900
Pediatric Anesthesiology1,038$8,121,655$7,824
Primary Podiatric Medicine668$7,771,400$11,634
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)6$7,759,408$1,293,235
Chiropractor6,862$7,666,241$1,117
Clinical & Laboratory Dermatological Immunology47$7,474,276$159,027
Preventive Medicine/Occupational Environmental Medicine292$6,940,277$23,768
Pediatric Transplant Hepatology46$6,670,389$145,008
Addiction Psychiatry372$5,978,883$16,072
Forensic Psychiatry230$5,668,077$24,644
Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine343$5,504,028$16,047
Developmental - Behavioral Pediatrics421$5,344,809$12,696
Neurosurgery220$4,909,977$22,318
Otolaryngic Allergy100$4,831,382$48,314
Pediatric Urology425$4,686,096$11,026
Neuropathology89$4,576,506$51,421
Clinical Molecular Genetics34$4,027,397$118,453
Molecular Genetic Pathology90$3,801,583$42,240
Gynecological Oncology35$3,800,210$108,577
Advanced Practice Midwife6,941$3,633,872$524
Cytopathology215$3,430,873$15,958
Hypertension Specialist19$3,161,200$166,379
Complex Family Planning41$3,066,091$74,783
Interventional Pain Management72$2,958,276$41,087
Registered Nurse3,429$2,919,749$851
Cardiac Surgery26$2,822,471$108,557
Clinical Nurse Specialist807$2,344,296$2,905
Psychiatric/Mental Health, Adult602$2,120,540$3,522
Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specialist250$2,113,812$8,455
Adult Congenital Heart Disease114$2,065,351$18,117
Diagnostic Ultrasound92$1,913,781$20,802
Medical Microbiology29$1,873,605$64,607
Oncology216$1,806,067$8,361
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology84$1,750,376$20,838
Medical Biochemical Genetics16$1,742,229$108,889
Brain Injury Medicine75$1,701,716$22,690
Pathology4,876$1,696,137$348
Independent Medical Examiner64$1,589,213$24,831
Ph.D. Medical Genetics7$1,412,034$201,719
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology337$1,280,797$3,801
Integrative Medicine48$926,812$19,309
Phlebology117$905,549$7,740
Pain Management155$823,868$5,315
Neuroscience52$786,813$15,131
Family Practice17,991$776,518$43
Psychologist, Clinical11,973$763,079$64
Dental Public Health521$726,887$1,395
Vision Therapy253$711,756$2,813
Psychiatric/Mental Health, Child & Adolescent148$692,120$4,676
Critical Care (Intensivists)881$656,103$745
Dental Anesthesiology177$651,533$3,681
Spinal Cord Injury Medicine124$634,388$5,116
Family Health273$630,777$2,311
Micrographic Dermatologic Surgery42$606,818$14,448
Orofacial Pain114$564,439$4,951
Anesthesiologist Assistant2,499$545,415$218
Low Vision Rehabilitation171$517,902$3,029
Thoracic Surgery54$495,778$9,181
Community Health294$476,426$1,620
Neonatal1,483$370,239$250
Orthopedic79$319,869$4,049
Pediatric Medicine459$298,253$650
Pediatric Pathology72$235,145$3,266
Optometry1,558$212,701$137
Medical-Surgical205$201,089$981
Colorectal Surgery (Proctology)56$198,194$3,539
Pediatrics, Critical Care436$185,275$425
Electrodiagnostic Medicine10$179,550$17,955
Women's Health Care, Ambulatory71$155,508$2,190
Interventional Radiology146$147,089$1,007
Rehabilitation294$146,322$498
Licensed Practical Nurse482$138,712$288
Podiatry1,546$128,726$83
Neonatal, Critical Care739$125,479$170
Occupational Health170$109,519$644
Dental Hygienist251$104,190$415
Infection Control6$103,874$17,312
Aerospace Medicine133$88,293$664
Emergency120$84,267$702
Diabetes Educator169$79,634$471
Psychiatric/Mental Health, Child & Family38$76,869$2,023
Immunopathology13$69,714$5,363
Chemical Pathology11$68,946$6,268
Occupational Vision63$63,845$1,013
Wound Care35$63,242$1,807
Sports Physician195$62,967$323
School152$62,946$414
Sports Vision26$61,162$2,352
Certified Nurse Midwife257$49,751$194
Home Health94$49,522$527
Obstetric, Inpatient23$46,314$2,014
Forensic Pathology87$42,551$489
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)15,167$36,496$2
Radiological Physics25$32,652$1,306
Perinatal59$28,731$487
Registered Nurse First Assistant162$26,199$162
Reproductive Endocrinology/Infertility12$24,601$2,050
Optician194$23,009$119
Ambulatory Care78$21,872$280
Clinical Informatics16$20,777$1,299
Community Health/Public Health28$20,732$740
Denturist54$19,785$366
Clinical Cytogenetics15$17,776$1,185
In Vivo & In Vitro Nuclear Medicine6$15,863$2,644
Psychiatric/Mental Health, Geropsychiatric15$15,793$1,053
Otorhinolaryngology & Head-Neck3$12,976$4,325
Diabetology2$12,334$6,167
Maternal Newborn30$10,958$365
Nutrition75$10,334$138
Case Management72$9,754$135
Licensed Vocational Nurse91$9,304$102
Perioperative21$8,602$410
Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)38$8,590$226
Psychiatric/Mental Health, Community10$8,542$854
Legal Medicine18$8,374$465
Assistant, Podiatric3$8,122$2,707
Enterostomal Therapy7$7,730$1,104
Transplantation3$7,001$2,334
Neonatal Intensive Care44$6,913$157
Administrator40$6,766$169
Neuropsychiatry39$6,494$167
Dental Assistant23$6,345$276
Physical Therapist in Private Practice77,804$6,325$0
Public Medicine5$6,046$1,209
Technician/Technologist5$5,846$1,169
Ophthalmic6$5,770$962
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine204$5,739$28
Undefined Physician type26$5,404$208
Child Abuse Pediatrics31$5,230$169
Cardiac Rehabilitation5$4,499$900
Internist34$4,061$119
Infusion Therapy20$3,768$188
Lactation Consultant25$3,512$140
Continuing Education/Staff Development14$3,110$222
Advanced Practice Dental Therapist10$2,953$295
Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist325$2,917$9