ESD: payments to doctors

Payments that named ESD as the associated device or medical supply, reported under the Sunshine Act for program years 2019–2025.

The per-transaction average — $2,169 — is the number that tells you what kind of spending this is. A few dollars means meals at product presentations, reported by the thousand. Hundreds or thousands means consulting, speaking or royalty arrangements with a much smaller group of physicians. Across all 48 providers the average total is $4,428, but that average hides a very steep distribution.