William Choe, MD
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology · Littleton, CONPI 1134146053
Payments from drug & device makers
What this record shows
This record is dominated by food and beverage: $12,530 of the $20,494 with a category attached, or 61.1%. Abbott accounts for 64.1% of it on its own, with 20 other manufacturers making up the rest. Reporting peaked in 2022 at $5,985 and has fallen 59.0% since, to $2,456 in 2025.
Across 293 payments — averaging $69.94 each. Meals, travel, consulting and speaking fees, gifts and royalties reported by drug and device makers.
- Abbott$13K
- Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.$2K
- Boston Scientific$2K
- Medtronic$2K
- Pfizer$324
- Atricure, Inc.$247
- plus $1K from 15 others
What the payments were for
- Consulting fees$3,23616%
- Travel & lodging$4,72823%
- Food & beverage$12,53061%
Most of this is food and beverage — typically meals provided during product presentations at a clinic or hospital. Nationally that is the single largest category of reported payments by count.
General payments by program year
Who reported the general payments
Companies are grouped under their corporate parent — a single manufacturer often files under several CMS reporting entities. Research and ownership payments are counted separately and are not in this table.
| Company | Payments | Total |
|---|---|---|
| Abbott | 153 | $13,143 |
| Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc. | 27 | $2,034 |
| Boston Scientific | 31 | $1,960 |
| Medtronic(2 entities) | 27 | $1,714 |
| Pfizer | 18 | $324 |
| Atricure, Inc. | 3 | $247 |
| Shockwave Medical, Inc | 3 | $210 |
| Biotronik Inc. | 2 | $168 |
| Cardiva Medical, Inc. | 5 | $142 |
| Novartis | 3 | $85 |
| Abiomed | 2 | $74 |
| Cardiofocus, Inc. | 1 | $69 |
| Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC | 3 | $65 |
| E.r. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. | 3 | $50 |
| Amgen | 3 | $50 |
| AstraZeneca | 3 | $49 |
| Johnson & Johnson | 2 | $30 |
| Biosense Webster, Inc. | 1 | $28 |
| Lilly USA, LLC | 1 | $25 |
| Bayer | 1 | $17 |
| ZOLL Services LLC (a/k/a ZOLL Lifecor Corp) | 1 | $11 |
What the payments were tied to
Products named in the reported payments. Only payments of $100 or more are attributed here — the typical reported payment nationally is a meal worth about $16, and listing those product-by-product would be noise.
- ACCENT$3,303
- AVEIR$3,154
- OPTIMIZER$1,348
- ENSITE$976
- Micra$706
- ENSITE PRECISION$590
- Ensite Cardiac Mapping System$576
- ADVISOR$450
- GENERAL - THERAPIES$277
- RHYTHMIA$256
- EnSite Precision Cardiac Mapping System$215
- ATRICLIP LAA EXCLUSION SYSTEM$198
- EPI-SENSE GUIDED COAGULATION SYSTEM WITH VISITRAX$198
- Shockwave IVL System with the Shockwave C2 Coronary IVL Catheter$174
- COBALT DR MRI SURESCAN$164
- Quadra Assura CRT Defibrillator$159
- Acticor 7 VR-T DX$143
- WATCHMAN Access System$134
- Watchman$124
- Advisa$106
How this compares
$20,494 in reported general payments places this provider in the 60th percentile of 66 clinical cardiac electrophysiology providers in Colorado.
See all clinical cardiac electrophysiology providers in Colorado →
Medicare billing
What this is not: this is the amount Original Medicare Part B allowed for services this provider billed in 2024. It is not their income. It excludes Medicare Advantage — now more than half of all Medicare enrollment — along with Medicaid and all commercial insurance, and it is gross practice revenue before staff, rent, supplies and malpractice premiums. CMS also suppresses any figure covering ten or fewer patients, so low-volume providers appear smaller than they are.
Most prescribed under Part D
| Drug | Claims | Cost to plans & patients |
|---|---|---|
| EliquisApixaban | 1,052 | $1,307,908 |
| XareltoRivaroxaban | 181 | $233,129 |
| EntrestoSacubitril/Valsartan | 116 | $136,998 |
| JardianceEmpagliflozin | 45 | $69,913 |
| MultaqDronedarone Hcl | 16 | $26,643 |
| Repatha SureclickEvolocumab | 27 | $14,867 |
| Dabigatran EtexilateDabigatran Etexilate Mesylate | 49 | $14,415 |
| Flecainide Acetate | 173 | $10,076 |
| Metoprolol Succinate | 569 | $6,757 |
| Dofetilide | 45 | $3,866 |
| Nebivolol Hcl | 36 | $3,500 |
| Atorvastatin Calcium | 344 | $2,658 |
| Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd)Diltiazem Hcl | 84 | $2,292 |
| Losartan Potassium | 241 | $1,869 |
| Metoprolol Tartrate | 282 | $1,796 |
Paid to pharmacies, not to this prescriber.
Companies that both paid and supply prescribed drugs
These companies both reported payments to this provider and make drugs the provider prescribed under Medicare Part D in 2024. For most specialties this overlap is expected — a cardiologist who is paid by a cardiology drugmaker also treats heart disease. It is shown so the reader can see it, not because it implies anything on its own.
| Company | Paid to this provider | Part D cost of their drugs |
|---|---|---|
| PfizerEliquis | $324 | $1,307,9081,052 claims |
| Johnson & JohnsonXarelto | $30 | $233,129181 claims |
| NovartisEntresto | $85 | $136,998116 claims |
| Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLCMultaq | $65 | $26,64316 claims |
Reading this fairly. The Part D column is what drug plans and patients paid pharmacies — this provider received none of it, and it reflects how many patients they treat and what those drugs cost. Against peers, this provider's reported payments sit in the 60th percentile of 66 clinical cardiac electrophysiology providers in Colorado.
Other clinical cardiac electrophysiology in Littleton
- Srikanth SundaramLittleton$493K
- Henry ZhengLittleton$58K
- Roger DamleLittleton$4K
- Jamie JordanLittleton$3K
- Jehu MathewLittleton$2K
- Bradley MikaelianColorado Springs$364K
- Wendy TzouAurora$350K
- Christopher PorterfieldAurora$340K
- Lohit GargAurora$147K
- Ethan EllisFort Collins$144K
Where these figures come from
- Payments: CMS Open Payments, program years 2019–2025 (publication P06302026_06032026).
- Billing: Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners, data year 2024. Original Medicare Part B only.
- Identity: NPPES NPI Registry, July 2026.