Stephen Frossard, DO
Interventional Cardiology · Paducah, KYNPI 1518217413
Payments from drug & device makers
Across 322 payments — averaging $21.79 each. Meals, travel, consulting and speaking fees, gifts and royalties reported by drug and device makers.
- Novartis$1K
- Abiomed$813
- Biotronik Inc.$678
- E.r. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.$582
- Johnson & Johnson$488
- Pfizer$389
- plus $3K from 27 others
What the payments were for
- Travel & lodging$94613%
- Food & beverage$6,07187%
Most of this is food and beverage — typically meals provided during product presentations at a clinic or hospital. Nationally that is the single largest category of reported payments by count.
General payments by program year
Who reported the general payments
Companies are grouped under their corporate parent — a single manufacturer often files under several CMS reporting entities. Research and ownership payments are counted separately and are not in this table.
| Company | Payments | Total |
|---|---|---|
| Novartis | 66 | $1,065 |
| Abiomed | 14 | $813 |
| Biotronik Inc. | 2 | $678 |
| E.r. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. | 42 | $582 |
| Johnson & Johnson | 35 | $488 |
| Pfizer | 26 | $389 |
| Boehringer Ingelheim | 24 | $365 |
| Merck | 20 | $326 |
| Boston Scientific | 11 | $314 |
| Amgen | 15 | $313 |
| Irhythm Technologies, Inc. | 3 | $308 |
| ZOLL Services LLC (a/k/a ZOLL Lifecor Corp) | 21 | $301 |
| Inari Medical, Inc. | 1 | $200 |
| Philips North America LLC | 5 | $192 |
| AstraZeneca | 7 | $98 |
| Abbott | 2 | $69 |
| Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC | 3 | $67 |
| Medtronic(2 entities) | 4 | $62 |
| Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. | 3 | $55 |
| Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, PLC | 2 | $46 |
| Stryker | 1 | $34 |
| Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc. | 2 | $32 |
| Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 2 | $31 |
| Penumbra, Inc. | 2 | $31 |
| Atricure, Inc. | 1 | $21 |
| Scpharmaceuticals Inc. | 1 | $21 |
| Convatec Inc. | 1 | $20 |
| Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. | 1 | $18 |
| Bayer | 1 | $18 |
| Cvrx, Inc. | 1 | $17 |
| Baxter Healthcare | 1 | $15 |
| Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 1 | $14 |
| Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. | 1 | $14 |
What the payments were tied to
Products named in the reported payments. Only payments of $100 or more are attributed here — the typical reported payment nationally is a meal worth about $16, and listing those product-by-product would be noise.
How this compares
$7,017 in reported general payments places this provider in the 35th percentile of 129 interventional cardiology providers in Kentucky.
Medicare billing
What this is not: this is the amount Original Medicare Part B allowed for services this provider billed in 2024. It is not their income. It excludes Medicare Advantage — now more than half of all Medicare enrollment — along with Medicaid and all commercial insurance, and it is gross practice revenue before staff, rent, supplies and malpractice premiums. CMS also suppresses any figure covering ten or fewer patients, so low-volume providers appear smaller than they are.
Most prescribed under Part D
| Drug | Claims | Cost to plans & patients |
|---|---|---|
| EliquisApixaban | 252 | $252,528 |
| XareltoRivaroxaban | 99 | $96,678 |
| EntrestoSacubitril/Valsartan | 96 | $89,254 |
| JardianceEmpagliflozin | 90 | $84,692 |
| Repatha SyringeEvolocumab | 78 | $48,757 |
| Repatha SureclickEvolocumab | 67 | $43,582 |
| BrilintaTicagrelor | 49 | $38,803 |
| FarxigaDapagliflozin Propanediol | 21 | $26,218 |
| Ranolazine ErRanolazine | 165 | $12,725 |
| Praluent PenAlirocumab | 23 | $11,190 |
| Metoprolol Succinate | 569 | $6,627 |
| Midodrine Hcl | 45 | $4,433 |
| Flecainide Acetate | 140 | $4,217 |
| Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd)Diltiazem Hcl | 192 | $4,099 |
| Atorvastatin Calcium | 563 | $3,972 |
Paid to pharmacies, not to this prescriber.
Companies that both paid and supply prescribed drugs
These companies both reported payments to this provider and make drugs the provider prescribed under Medicare Part D in 2024. For most specialties this overlap is expected — a cardiologist who is paid by a cardiology drugmaker also treats heart disease. It is shown so the reader can see it, not because it implies anything on its own.
| Company | Paid to this provider | Part D cost of their drugs |
|---|---|---|
| PfizerEliquis | $389 | $252,528252 claims |
| Johnson & JohnsonXarelto | $488 | $96,67899 claims |
| NovartisEntresto | $1,065 | $89,25496 claims |
| Boehringer IngelheimJardiance | $365 | $84,69290 claims |
| AstraZenecaBrilinta, Farxiga | $98 | $65,02170 claims |
Reading this fairly. The Part D column is what drug plans and patients paid pharmacies — this provider received none of it, and it reflects how many patients they treat and what those drugs cost. Against peers, this provider's reported payments sit in the 35th percentile of 129 interventional cardiology providers in Kentucky.
Other interventional cardiology in Paducah
- James FordPaducah$227K
- Shankho GanguliPaducah$56K
- Christopher AdamsPaducah$48K
- Martin RainsPaducah$45K
- Timothy McDermottPaducah$17K
- Michael FaulknerPaducah$13K
- Thomas TuLouisville$1.4M
- Amit SrivastavaEdgewood$736K
- Avichai EresLexington$616K
- Naresh SolankhiLouisville$545K
Where these figures come from
- Payments: CMS Open Payments, program years 2019–2025 (publication P06302026_06032026).
- Billing: Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners, data year 2024. Original Medicare Part B only.
- Identity: NPPES NPI Registry, July 2026.