Edward Kowal, MD
Obstetrics · Florence, SCNPI 1144630690
Payments from drug & device makers
What this record shows
This record is dominated by education: $6,000 of the $9,956 with a category attached, or 60.3%. Intuitive Surgical accounts for 62.3% of it on its own, with 36 other manufacturers making up the rest. Reporting peaked in 2022 at $6,668 and has fallen 91.0% since, to $602 in 2025.
Across 172 payments — averaging $57.88 each. Meals, travel, consulting and speaking fees, gifts and royalties reported by drug and device makers.
- Intuitive Surgical$6K
- Boston Scientific$820
- AbbVie$661
- Sage Therapeutics, LLC$272
- Hologic Sales And Service, LLC$185
- Bayer$170
- plus $2K from 31 others
What the payments were for
- Travel & lodging$8919%
- Food & beverage$3,06531%
- Education$6,00060%
General payments by program year
Who reported the general payments
Companies are grouped under their corporate parent — a single manufacturer often files under several CMS reporting entities. Research and ownership payments are counted separately and are not in this table.
| Company | Payments | Total |
|---|---|---|
| Intuitive Surgical | 5 | $6,200 |
| Boston Scientific | 8 | $820 |
| AbbVie | 43 | $661 |
| Sage Therapeutics, LLC | 8 | $272 |
| Hologic Sales And Service, LLC | 9 | $185 |
| Bayer | 11 | $170 |
| Optumhealth Care Solutions, LLC | 5 | $157 |
| Organon | 10 | $143 |
| Meditrina | 6 | $110 |
| Astellas Pharma US Inc | 5 | $97 |
| Exeltis, USA Inc. | 5 | $88 |
| Agile Therapeutics, Inc. | 4 | $78 |
| Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 5 | $74 |
| Pfizer | 5 | $72 |
| Avion Pharmaceuticals | 4 | $61 |
| Minerva Surgical, Inc | 2 | $60 |
| Daiichi Sankyo Inc. | 3 | $60 |
| Innovation Technologies Inc | 2 | $59 |
| Novo Nordisk | 3 | $54 |
| Aspira Women's Health Inc | 2 | $49 |
| Shield Therapeutics Inc | 3 | $47 |
| Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. | 2 | $47 |
| Mayne Pharma Commercial LLC | 3 | $44 |
| Scynexis, Inc. | 2 | $41 |
| Hydrofera LLC | 1 | $39 |
| Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. | 2 | $34 |
| Pacira Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | 2 | $33 |
| Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | 2 | $27 |
| Virtus Pharmaceuticals LLC | 2 | $27 |
| Vertex | 1 | $26 |
| Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 1 | $24 |
| Medicem Inc. | 1 | $21 |
| Johnson & Johnson | 1 | $20 |
| Solventum Corporation | 1 | $20 |
| Smith+Nephew | 1 | $14 |
| Exact Sciences | 1 | $14 |
| Channel Medsystems, Inc. | 1 | $7 |
What the payments were tied to
Products named in the reported payments. Only payments of $100 or more are attributed here — the typical reported payment nationally is a meal worth about $16, and listing those product-by-product would be noise.
- DAVINCI XI$6,000
- Solyx SIS System$633
- Da Vinci Surgical System$164
How this compares
Too few obstetrics providers in South Carolinato place this figure against a meaningful peer group, so we don't.
Medicare billing
What this is not: this is the amount Original Medicare Part B allowed for services this provider billed in 2024. It is not their income. It excludes Medicare Advantage — now more than half of all Medicare enrollment — along with Medicaid and all commercial insurance, and it is gross practice revenue before staff, rent, supplies and malpractice premiums. CMS also suppresses any figure covering ten or fewer patients, so low-volume providers appear smaller than they are.
Most prescribed under Part D
| Drug | Claims | Cost to plans & patients |
|---|---|---|
| Estradiol | 20 | $2,481 |
| Megestrol Acetate | 12 | $708 |
| Metronidazole | 18 | $151 |
| Fluconazole | 17 | $138 |
| Oxybutynin Chloride ErOxybutynin Chloride | 18 | $84 |
| Ibuprofen | 19 | $78 |
| Triamcinolone Acetonide | 12 | $34 |
Paid to pharmacies, not to this prescriber.
Other obstetrics in Florence
- Brandi HardinSpartanburg$281K
- William ReevesSummerville$5K
- Katherine ColeyBluffton$5K
- Roberto PereyoSpartanburg$2K
- Ashley BensonSpartanburg$2K
- Robert GoodlettSpartanburg$2K
- Lauren CooperSummerville$802
- Robert ArnettSpartanburg$684
- Danielle HarrisGreer$603
- Krystal CarmichaelFort Mill$580
Where these figures come from
- Payments: CMS Open Payments, program years 2019–2025 (publication P06302026_06032026).
- Billing: Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners, data year 2024. Original Medicare Part B only.
- Identity: NPPES NPI Registry, July 2026.